Głośnym ostatnio tematem jest problem zabetonowanych miast, w których brakuje drzew i terenów zielonych. Nie jest to zresztą temat zupełnie nowy, ponieważ problem ten zaczęto zauważać już kilka lat temu. Jednym z ciekawych i korzystnych jego rozwiązań okazują się tzw. dachy zielone, czyli pokrycia zbudowane z kilku warstw, gdzie powłoka wierzchnia stanowi podłoże gruntowe umożliwiające sadzenie roślin. Inwestycja w tego typu konstrukcję jest kosztowna, jednak niesie ze sobą wiele bezcennych korzyści.
Zalety dachu zielonego
Filtracja powietrza
Pierwszą bezsprzeczną zaletą dachu zielonego jest jego wpływ na oczyszczanie powietrza. Każdego roku może on pochłonąć od 10 do 20% pyłów i gazów z atmosfery, pozwalając tym samym osobom w bliskim otoczeniu oddychać lepszym powietrzem.
Regulacja temperatury
Dach zielony zbawiennie wpływa również na miejski klimat. Zmniejsza on temperaturę nawierzchni z około 60-70°C do 25-40°C. Co więcej zimą pozwala on zachować więcej ciepła w budynku, a latem odwrotnie – daje przyjemny chłód. Innymi słowy – przez cały rok pomaga utrzymać komfortową temperaturę budynku.
Retencja wody
Konstrukcja dachu zielonego pozwala na zatrzymanie średnio od 50 do 60% wody z jednego opadu. Dzięki temu do kanalizacji oddaje się znacznie mniej wody niż ze standardowego dachu. To z kolei stanowi bardzo dobre zabezpieczenie przeciwpowodziowe, ponieważ rury kanalizacyjne zostają odciążane.
Pozytywny wymiar społeczny
Niezwykle ważną zaletą dachów zielonych jest ich wpływ na ludzkie zdrowie i samopoczucie. Nie od dziś wiadomo, iż przebywanie wśród naturalnej zieleni polepsza kondycję psychiczną człowieka. W miastach, gdzie społeczności często zmagają się z deficytem terenów zielonych, jest to szczególnie istotne. Dach zielony dostępny do użytku publicznego lub przynajmniej dla użytkowników budynku, daje ludziom możliwość obcowania z naturą. Ogromne znaczenie ma to np. w miejscach rekonwalescencji, takich jak szpitale – pacjenci przebywający wśród zieleni szybciej zdrowieją i zwiększa się ich odporność na ból. Dodatkowo dachy zielone redukują poziom hałasu. Dzięki nim mieszkańcy metropolii mogą pozwolić sobie na odrobinę wytchnienia od miejskiego zgiełku.
Inwestycja w dach zielony jest kosztowna, przewyższa ceny standardowego dachu. Konstrukcja ta wymaga też odpowiedniej dbałości o nią. Jednak liczne korzyści, jakie niesie ze sobą, warte są rozważenia, zwłaszcza jeżeli w pobliżu brakuje terenów zielonych. Przedsięwzięcie to zaowocuje dłuższą użytecznością dachu, zwiększonym komfortem oraz wartością budynku, a także – co najważniejsze – lepszym samopoczuciem jego użytkowników.
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